Quarks form the protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei. The Higgs field gives mass only to elementary particles such as electrons and quarks. Is the Higgs mechanism responsible for the mass that is familiar to us? At the same time, within the Standard Model, it also gives masses to other fundamental particles, such as the electron and the quarks. The Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism solves this problem by giving a mass to the W and Z bosons. While this is true for the photon, we know that the W and Z have large masses, nearly 100 times that of a proton. The basic equations of the unified theory correctly describe the two forces in terms of a single electroweak force and its associated force-carrying particles, namely the photon, and the W and Z bosons - except that all of the particles emerge without a mass. These two forces can be described within the same unified theory, which forms the basis of the Standard Model. The analyses performed since then by the two collaborations have confirmed that the particle discovered has the characteristics of the boson described by the theory.Īt the beginning of the 1970s, physicists realized that there are very close ties between two of the four fundamental forces – the weak force and the electromagnetic force. On 4 July 2012, the ATLAS and CMS collaborations announced the observation of a particle consistent with the long-sought Higgs boson. Since the field cannot be observed directly, experiments have searched for the particle, whose discovery would prove the existence of the field and confirm the theory. The Higgs boson is the quantum particle associated with the Higgs field. Later in 1964, the Americans Gerald Guralnik and Carl Hagen with their British colleague Tom Kibble further contributed to the development of this new idea. This mechanism is a corner stone of the Standard Model, the theory that describes the elementary particles and forces.
On the other hand, particles that do not interact with this field do not have mass - for example, the photon. The more strongly the particles interact with the field, the more massive they are. In this theory, developed independently by Robert Brout and François Englert in Belgium and Peter Higgs in the United Kingdom in 1964, fundamental particles acquire mass by interacting with a “field” that permeates the entire Universe. The Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism (BEH mechanism) describes how fundamental particles get mass. What is the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism?
0 kommentar(er)
